Large eddy simulation/probability density function modeling of turbulent swirling stratified flame series

The large eddy simulation/probability density function (LES/PDF) method is applied to a turbulent swirling stratified flame series systematically investigate its performance for accurate prediction of effects stratification on flames under conditions. Cambridge/Sandia selected as target series. An augmented reduced mechanism used the methane/air combustion. chemical calculations are accelerated by using in situ adaptive tabulation method. differential diffusion and heat loss from bluff-body surface taken into account simulations. effect fuel concentration studied increasing progressively pure premixed case moderately highly cases. LES/PDF modeling evaluated comparing numerical results with experimental data. computed mean rms velocity, temperature, equivalence ratio, mass fractions species found be good agreement measurements all three Scatter plots conditional means mole temperature presented overall consistency those obtained measurements. recirculation zones about five times longer than non-swirling A low-equivalence-ratio high-temperature region near bluff body not captured computation, which attributed insufficient entrainment downstream mixtures zone. parametric studies show that has minor quantities, while considerable CO profiles close body.